GVB-RESEARCH LINES

RESEARCH LINES OF THE GROUP OF VOLCANOLOGY OF BARCELONA

* PHYSICAL VOLCANOLOGY

* MODELLING OF VOLCANIC PROCESSES

* PETROLOGY AND GEOCRONOLOGY

* VOLCANIC HAZARD ASSESSMENT

PHYSICAL VOLCANOLOGY

Studies on Physical Volcanology, including volcano stratigraphy, geological mapping, sedimentology of volcanic deposits, and structural geology will be carried on in areas of particular interest of Spain, such as Canary Islands, Cabo de Gata and Catalonia, as weel as in other areas around the World (Mexico, Costa Rica, Italy, etc). The action is oriented to improve our scientific background on eruptive processes, particularly oriented to the study of collapse calderas, and include the new concepts on the numerical modelling and the risk assessment described in previous actions.


Ignimbritic outcrop in the Pyrenees (Catalonia)		Volcanic area of Olot (Catalonia)

RELATED PUBLICATIONS:

MITJAVILA, J., MARTI, J. and SORIANO, C. Magmatic evolution and tectonic setting of the Iberian Pyrite Belt volcanism. Journal of Petrology (1997) 38: 727-755

PEREZ-TORRADO, F.J., MARTI, J. MANGAS, J. and DAY, S. The ignimbrites of the Roque Nublo Group (Gran Canaria, Canary Islands). Bulletin of Volcanology, (1997) 58: 647-654.

ABLAY G.J., CARROLL M.R., PALMER M.R., MARTÍ J., and SPARKS R.S.J. Basanite-phonolite lineages of the Teide-Pico Viejo volcanic complex, Tenerife, Canary Islands. Journal of Petrology (1998) 39: 905-936

BRYAN, S.E., MARTI, J. and CAS, R.A.F. Stratigraphy of the Bandas del Sur Formation: an extracaldera record of Quaternary phonolitic explosive eruptions from the Las Cañadas edifice, Tenerife (Canary Islands). Geological Magazine (1998), 135: 605-636

BRYAN, S.E., CAS, R.A.F., and MARTI, J. Lithic breccias in intermediate volume phonolitic ignimbrites from Tenerife (Canary Islands): Constraints on pyroclastic flow depositional processes. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (1998), 81: 269-296.

MARTI, J., HURLIMANN, M., ABLAY, G.J. and GUDMUNDSSON, A. Vertical and lateral collapses in Tenerife and other ocean volcanic islands. Reply to the Comment by Ancochea et al., Geology, (1998), September : 862-863.

NEUMANN, E.R., MARTI, J., MITJAVILA, J. and WULFF-PEDERSEN, E. Origin and implications of mafic xenoliths associated with Cenozoic extension-related magmatism in the Valencia trough, NE Spain. Mineralogy and Petrology (1999), 65: 113-139.

SORIANO, C. and MARTI, J. Facies analysis of volcano-sedimentaty successions hosting massive sulfide deposits in the Iberian Pyrite Belt, Spain. Economic Geology (1999) 94: 867-882

ABLAY G.J., and MARTI, J., Stratigraphy and structure of the Teide-Pico Viejo complex, Tenerife, Canary Islands. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (2000) 103: 175-208

BRYAN, S.E., CAS, R.A.F. and MARTI, J. The 0.57 Ma plinian eruption of the Granadilla member, Tenerife (Canary Islands): an example of complexity in eruption dynamics and evolution. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (2000) 103: 209-238

MARTI, J. and WOLFF, J.A. Introduction: The Geology and Geophysics of Tenerife, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, (2000) 103: 1-4.

MARTI, J and GUDMUNDSSON, A. The Las Cañadas caldera (Tenerife, Canary Islands): an overlapping collapse calderas generated by magma chamber migration. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (2000) 103: 161-173.

COSTA, F., DUNGAN, M. and SINGER, B. Magmatic Na-rich phlogopite in a suite of gabbroic crustal xenoliths from Volcán San Pedro, Chilean Andes: Evidence for a solvus relation between phlogopite and aspidolite. American Mineralogist (2001) 86 , 29-35.

LEGROS, F. and MARTI, J. Formation of inversely graded basal layers in ignimbrites by progressive aggradation. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res (2001) 111: 25-33.

SORIANO, C., ZAFRILLA, S,. MARTI, J., ABLAY, G.J., CAS, R.A.F and BRYAN, S., Welding and rheomorphism of ponolitic fallout deposits from the Las Cañadas caldera (Tenerife, Canary Islands). Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. (2002) 114, No. 7, 883-895

SORIANO, C. and CASAS, J.M. Variscan Tectonics in the Iberian Pyrite Belt, South Portuguese Zone. International Journal of Earth Sciences (Geologische Rundschau), (2002) 91, 882-896

SORIANO, C. and CASAS, J.M. Cross section through the central part of the Iberian Pyrite Belt, South Portuguese Zone (Spain). Geological Society of America Special Paper (2002) 364, 183-197

GALINDO, I., SORIANO, C., MARTI, J. and PEREZ, N. Tectonic structure and evolution of the Las Cañadas edifice (Tenerife, Canary Islands): implications for active diffuse degassing. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (2005), 144: 73-87.

MACEDONIO, G., NERI, A., MARTI, J. and FOLCH, A. Temporal evolution of flow conditions in sustained magmatic explosive eruptions. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (2005), 143: 153-172.

MARTI, J. and ERNST, G.J. Volcanism and Environment. Cambridge University Press ( 2005): 471pp

MARTI, J and FOLCH, A. Anticipating volcanic eruptions. In MARTI, J and Ernst, G.J. (eds) Volcanism and Environment, Cambridge University Press (2005): 90-130

PITTARI, A., CAS, R. A. F and MARTÍ, J. The occurrence and origin of prominent massive, pumice-rich ignimbrite lobes within the late Pleistocence Abrigo Ignimbrite, Tenerife, Canary Islands. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (2005), 139: 271-293

SORIANO, C., GALINDO, I., WOLFF, J. A. and MARTI, J. Vent complexes and related proximal deposits in the Las Cañadas caldera, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Bulletin of Volcanology (2006), 69 (2): 217-231

EDGAR, C.J. WOLFF, J.A. OLIN, P.H. NICHOLS, H.J. PITTARI, A. CAS, R.A.F. REINERS, P.W. SPELL, T.L. and MARTÍ, J. The late Quaternary Diego Hernandez Formation, Tenerife: a cycle of voluminous explosive phonolitic eruptions. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (2007, in press)

MARTÍ, J., GEYER, A., ANDUJAR, J, Volcanological evolution of Tenerife (Canary Islands) during the last 250 ka, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, EXPLORIS Special Volume (submitted)

MARTI, J., SORIANO, C., GALINDO., I. and CAS, R.A.F. Resolving problems with the origin of the Las Cañadas caldera (Tenerife, Canary Islands): The Los Roques de García Formation - a major debris avalanche or an in situ stratified edifice building succession?. Geological Society of America Special Paper (2007, in press).

MODELLING OF VOLCANIC PROCESSES

Experimental and numerical modelling of volcanic and related processes oriented to the quantitative assessment of the parameters controlling volcanic processes in active areas. The aim of this item is to be able to compare between different eruptions, to simulate past events and to predict future processes of similar characteristics. This is one of the key objectives of the last European framework programmes, and continues in the present one (FP7).


Example of analogue model applied to collapse caldera studies		Example of numerical model applied to collapse caldera studies

RELATED PUBLICATIONS:

GUDMUNDSSON, A., MARTI, J. and TURON, A. Stress fields generating ring faults in volcanoes. Geophys. Res. Lett., (1997) 24 (13): 1559-1562

FOLCH, A and MARTI, J. Generation of overpressure in felsic magma chambers by replenishment. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., (1998), 163: 301-314.

FOLCH, A., MARTI, J., CODINA, R. and VAZQUEZ, M. A numerical model for temporal variations during explosive central-vent eruptions. Journal of Geophysical Research (1998), 103: 20,883-20,899.

FOLCH, A., VAZQUEZ, M., CODINA, R. and MARTI, J. A fractional step finite element method for the Navier-Stokes equations applied to magma chamber withdrawal. Computers & Geosciences (1999) 25: 263-275

FOLCH, A., FERNÁNDEZ, J., RUNDLE, J.B., and MARTÍ, J. Ground deformation in a viscoelastic multilayered system. A comparation between analytical and numerical solutions for point and extended sources. Geophysical Journal International. (2000) 140: 37-50.

GUDMUNDSSON, A., MARINONI, L and MARTI, J. Dyke injection and arrest: implication for volcanic hazards. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., (1999), 88: 1-13

HURLIMANN, M., LEDESMA, A. and MARTI, J. Conditions favouring catastrophic volcanic landslides. TerraNova (1999), 11: 106-111.

MARTI, J., FOLCH, A., NERI, A., and MACEDONIO, G. Pressure evolution during explosive caldera-forming eruptions. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. (2000) 175: 275-287.

MARTI, J., SORIANO, C. and DINGWELL, D.B. Tube pumices: strain markers of a ductile-brittle transition in explosive eruptions. Nature (1999) 402: 650-653.

NEUMANN, E.R., WULFF-PEDERSEN, E., SIMONSEN, S.L., PEARSON, N.J., O'REILLY, S.Y., MARTI, J. and MITJAVILA, J. Evidence for fractional crystallization of periodically refilled magma chambers in Tenerife, Canary Islands. Journal of Petrology (1999) 40: 1089-1123.

HURLIMANN, M. MARTI, J. and LEDESMA, A. Mechanical relationship between catastrophic volcanic landslides and caldera collapse. Geophys. Res. Lett. (2000) 27: 2393-2396

LEGROS, F., KELFOUN, K., and MARTI, J. The influence of vent geometry on caldera- forming eruptions. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., (2000) 179: 53-61.

FOLCH. A., MARTI, J. and CODINA, R., Numerical modelling of magma withdrawal during caldera-forming eruptions. Journal of Geophysical Research (2001) 106: 16163-16175.

COSTA, F., CHAKRABORTY, S. and DOHMEN, R. Diffusion coupling between trace and major elements and a model for calculation of magma residence times using plagioclase. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (2003) 67, 2189-2200.

GOTTSMANN, J and RYMER, H.: Deflation during caldera unrest: constraints on subsurface processes from gravity-height data. Bulletin of Volcanology (2003) 64, 338-348

CODINA, R., and FOLCH, A..: A stabilized finite element predictor-corrector scheme for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations using a nodal based implementation. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids (2004) 221: 215-225.

FOLCH, A and MARTI, J. Geometrical and mechanical constrains on the formation of ring fault calderas. Earth and planetary science letters (2004), 221: 215-225

GEYER, A., FOLCH, A. and MARTI, J. A relationship between caldera collapse and magma chamber withdrawal: an experimental approach. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (2006), 157: 375-386.

FOLCH, A. and MARTI, J. Time-dependent vent conditions during explosive caldera-forming eruptions. Earth and Planetary Science Letters (in prep)

MARTÍ, J., FELPETO, A. and ORDOÑEZ, A. Methodology for the computation of volcanic susceptibility: Application to Tenerife Island (Canary Islands) (in prep)

PETROLOGY AND GEOCRONOLOGY

This action complements the previous one with experimental petrology methods and residence times of magmas studies, and aims to characterize the conditions for explosive volcanism. This action is basically developed at the SIMGEO laboratory.The time scales and rates of magmatic processes are a main piece of information for understanding many aspects of igneous activity. For example, the longevity of magmas below calderas or active volcanoes constrains the mass and thermal fluxes relevant to geothermal energy exploitation and the evaluation of volcanic hazards. In the volcanology group of Barcelona we determine the duration of such processes by modelling of the diffusive re-equilibration of isotopes and elements in a variety of minerals through Fick's law of diffusion. Contact: Fidel Costa (fcosta@ija.csic.es).


Laboratory of Experimental Petrology (SIMGEO)		Phase stability fields of experimental minerals and variation of crystallinity (weight %) .

RELATED PUBLICATIONS:

COSTA, F. and SINGER, B. Evolution of Holocene dacite and compositionally zoned magma, Volcán San Pedro, Southern Volcanic Zone, Chile. Journal of Petrology (2002) 43, 1571-1593.

COSTA, F., DUNGAN, M. and SINGER, B. Hornblende and phlogopite-bearing gabbroic crustal xenoliths from Volcán San Pedro (36o S), Chilean Andes: evidence for melt and fluid migration and reactions in subduction-related plutons. Journal of Petrology (2002) 43, 219-241.

COSTA,F. SCAILLET,B. and GOURGAUD, A. Massive atmospheric sulfur loading of the AD 1600 Huaynaputina eruption and implications for petrologic sulfur estimates. Geophysical Research Letters (2003) 30, 1068, doi: 10.1029/2002GL016402.

COSTA, F. and CHAKRABORTY, S. . Decadal time gaps between mafic intrusion and silicic eruption obtained from chemical zoning patterns in olivine. Earth and Planetary Science Letters (2004) 227, 517-530.

COSTA, F., SCAILLET, B. AND PICHAVANT, M.Petrologic and experimental constraints on the pre-eruption conditions of Holocene dacite from Volcán San Pedro (36o S, Chilean Andes) and the importance of sulfur in silicic subduction-related magmas. Journal of Petrology (2004) 45, 855-881

COSTA, F. and DUNGAN, M. Short time scales of magmatic assimilation from diffusion modeling of multiple elements in olivine. Geology (2005) 33: 837-840

TURNER, S. and COSTA, F. Measuring time scales of magmatic evolution. Elements. (2007) In press.

VOLCANIC HAZARD ASSESSMENT

Development of automatic systems oriented to volcanic hazard assessment and risk management. This action uses the concept acquired in the previous actions and the regional information, and is one of the main actions to carry on by the group in the next future. This is a topic of high social interest and recent UE funding, such as AEGIS and EXPLORIS projects, is expected to continue. During the last years the Group of Volcanology of Barcelona has developed many GIS-based tools for Volcanic Hazard assessment, trying to automate many of the analysis required for the computation of volcanic hazard maps and scenarios.


Example of susceptibility map for Tenerife		Example of probability map for lava flows in Tenerife

RELATED PUBLICATIONS:

FELPETO, A., MARTÍ, J. and ORTIZ, R. GIS-based automatic system for volcanic hazard assessment and risk management, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,166 (2): 106-116.

MARTÍ, J., FELPETO, A. and ORDOÑEZ, A. Methodology for the computation of volcanic susceptibility: Application to Tenerife Island (Canary Islands) (in prep)

TOYOS, G. P., COLE, P. D., FELPETO, A. and MARTI, J. A GIS-based methodology for hazard mapping of small volume pyroclastic flows. Natural Hazards (2007, in press)